Analysis of cytokine profiles in aqueous humor based on optical coherence tomography in pachychoroid spectrum diseases

This study investigated cytokine profiles in the aqueous humor (AH) of 172 eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC, n = 65), pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV, n = 24), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV, n = 43), and controls (n = 40). AH samples were analyzed using a multiplex bead assay for cytokines including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, and MCP-1. Results showed no significant differences in IL-6 (P = 0.122) and MCP-1 (P = 0.054) levels among groups. However, VEGF levels were significantly higher in CSC, PNV, and PCV compared to controls (all P < 0.05). In CSC and PNV, only VEGF was elevated without significant changes in other inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that inflammation was not a dominant factor. In contrast, PCV exhibited significantly higher levels of VEGF, IL-10, and IP-10, indicating distinct cytokine profiles. These findings suggest that elevated angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines may contribute to the pathogenesis of PCV.