Effect of Tilt Angle on Soiling of Solar Panel in Perak Tengah, Malaysia

Solar energy provides a clean and renewable alternative to traditional energy sources but is hindered by challenges such as soiling and suboptimal tilt angles for photovoltaic (PV) panels. This study investigates the effect of varying tilt angles (14°, 24°, 34°) on the soiling rates of PV panels in Perak Tengah, Malaysia, over one month. Results revealed that higher tilt angles led to lower soiling rates, with efficiency losses of 3.1%, 2.9%, and 2.5% for 14°, 24°, and 34° angles, respectively. Imaging and chemical analyses identified soil components primarily from erosion. This research provides critical insights for improving solar PV efficiency through optimal tilt angle and cleaning strategies.