Evaluation of different squatting modes in the rehabilitation of patellofemoral pain syndrome: A prospective randomized controlled trial

Background : Static squats are widely used in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), but no study has determined the most effective static squat mode. This study compared the efficacies of three static squat modes in the rehabilitation of patients with PFPS. Methods : This studyrecruited 84 patients with PFPS who were divided into four groups on the basis of different static squat modes. The patients underwent a 6-week training period using a mobile phone app equipped with angle recognition function. Treatment efficacy was assessed using the Kujala, Lysholm, VAS-W, and VAS-U scores, as well as the thigh circumference, peak torque of knee extension, and peak torque of knee flexion on the affected side. Intra- and intergroup differences were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. Moreover, a paired-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance were applied for intergroup comparisons. Chi-square tests were performed on categorical data. Results : Wall squats assisted by elastic bandssignificantly differed from the control in terms of the Kujala, Lysholm, VAS-W, and VAS-U scores (P < 0.05). Thigh circumference and peak torque of knee extension in isokinetic muscle strength tests were normally distributed and had homogeneous variance. Conclusion : Wall squats can effectively improve patellofemoral joint function and alleviate pain. This study aids the home rehabilitation of patients with PFPS. Registration number: M2023013