Multiorgan Failure Post-Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review of Trends and Clinical Outcomes

Introduction: Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) is a life-threatening condition, characterized by the failure of two or more organ systems. It often follows a Major Abdominal Surgery (MAS). Even with improved surgical care, it remains a leading cause of ICU related deaths. Its pathophysiology is still not clearly understood and data on management is limited. Objective This systematic review aims to analyze trends and clinical outcomes of multiple organ failure following a major abdominal surgery. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using SCOPUS, Web of Science and MEDLINE (via PubMed) to identify studies on multiple organ failure following a major abdominal surgery. Results The study reviewed 14 articles involving 8,267 patients and found a 19.27% incidence of MODS. The systems mainly affected were the liver, circulatory, coagulation and pulmonary systems. Mortality was 3.5%, influenced by disease severity and organ involvement. Conclusion Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) remains an important concern following major abdominal surgery. This review shows age, gender, and organ involvement as key factors in its development. Early detection using scoring systems have been found to be crucial for management. However, variability in studies limits generalizability, requiring further research.