A Retrospective Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Plerixafor Combined with PEGylated rhG-CSF for Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization in Chinese Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Purpose The study aims to assess the clinical efficacy and safety profile of plerixafor in combination with polyethylene glycolated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEGylated rhG-CSF) for autologous hematopoietic stem cell (auto-HSC) mobilization in Chinese patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the stem cell collection efficiency, post-transplant hematopoietic reconstitution, and mobilization-related adverse events in a cohort of 18 MM patients who underwent stem cell mobilization using the combination of plerixafor and PEGylated rhG-CSF. Successful mobilization was defined as achieving or surpassing a threshold of 2.0×10 ⁶ /kg. An excellent mobilization is characterized by achieving a yield of at least 5.0×10 ⁶ /kg. Results Our results revealed an overall stem cell collection success rate of 100%. Notably, 72% of patients achieved successful mobilization within the first day. Furthermore, the overall excellent collection rate was 56%, with a 1-day excellent collection rate of 27%. The median number of collected CD34 + cells was 5.62(2-16.19)×106/kg. The most frequently encountered adverse events were bone pain (11%), nausea and vomiting (11%), and diarrhea (11%), all classified as grade 1–2. All patients underwent auto-HSC transplantation, with a median engraftment time of 11 (ranging from 9 to 14) days for neutrophils and 14 (ranging from 10 to 20) days for platelets, respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, this is the first report of the combination of PEGylated rhG-CSF and plerixafor for auto-HSC mobilization and collection in Chinese patients with MM, and the results show good mobilization success rate and safety.