Experimental examination of Non-Destructive Welding inspection by Radiographic Film, KVCT, and MVCT

Industrial radiography is a critical non-destructive testing (NDT) method used to detect hidden flaws in materials such as welds, pipelines, and structural components. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three NDT techniques—traditional X-ray radiography, Kilovolt Computed Tomography (KVCT), and Megavolt Computed Tomography (MVCT)—in identifying internal defects in welded metal specimens. Traditional X-ray radiography, operating at 320 kV, revealed a lack of penetration (LOP) but faced limitations due to overlapping defects in 2D imaging. KVCT, conducted at 100 kV, provided high-resolution 3D images but exhibited metal artifacts and reduced signal clarity in dense regions. MVCT, utilizing a 2.5 MeV photon beam, demonstrated superior penetration and resolution, effectively detecting LOP, porosity, and cap-shaped cavities in thicker and denser materials. The results highlight the advantages of MVCT for detailed defect analysis in industrial applications, particularly for dense and complex structures.