Quantitative insights into BIM- WWTPs projects: a PLS-SEM approach

is to develop a quantitative model that identifies and analyzes the factors contributing to delays in the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the design and implementation of water and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As critical infrastructure components, the effective management of WWTPs plays a fundamental role in bridging the gap between design and execution, ultimately enhancing project efficiency. Despite significant advancements in BIM technology and its recognized importance in recent years, the underlying causes of adoption delays remain unclear, posing a substantial barrier to fully realizing the benefits of BIM in this sector. in order to create the quantified model, a systematic questionnaire survey was used to gather primary empirical data from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) designers and implementer s as well as BIM professionals in the construction sector. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was then used to evaluate the gathered data, and Smart PLS software was used as a dependable and strong statistical analysis tool. This method makes it possible to pinpoint and measure the main causes of BIM adoption delays in WWTP projects. By offering the first quantified model, the results provide a useful guide for practitioners who manage and coach teams implementing BIM. These results can also be converted into a series of guidelines to improve the practical use of BIM in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) projects, which will improve overall project performance, design coordination, and execution efficiency.