Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated factors among post-menopausal women: a community-based comparative cross-sectional study in Debre Markos city, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2024

Background The presence of hormonal changes like estrogen and follicle stimulating hormone during menopausal transition produces changes in the metabolism of lipids and glucose. This will elevate the risk of dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease that remains to be the primary cause of death worldwide. Therefore, assessment of lipid profiles and associated factors among women in the fertile period and those entered menopause helps to reduce the risk of dyslipidemia. Method Community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Debre Markos city among 120 premenopausal and 120 menopausal women. Participants were recruited using multi-stage sampling technique. A structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Lipid profiles, Estrogen, Follicle stimulating hormone, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and glucose was measured using Beckman coulter. Statistical package for social sciences version 27 was used for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify predictors for dyslipidemia. In multivariable logistic regression, significant relationship was determined by p < 0.05 and odds ratio with 95 percent confidence interval. Result The prevalence of dyslipidemia among menopausal and premenopausal were 41.9% [95% CI: 34.2%- 49.6%] and 22.5 [95% CI: 16.3%-28.7%] respectively. Physical inactivity [AOR = 3.04(1.18–7.85)], being Obese [AOR = 3.08(1.14–8.34)], Estrogen level ≤ 30pg/ml [ AOR = 5.97(1.88–18.93)] and (30.63–39.39) pg/ml [AOR = 3.73(1.30- 10.71)] were significantly associated with dyslipidemia in menopausal. Conclusion The shift to menopause had increased the risk of dyslipidemia by increasing the level of lipid profile. Decreased level of estrogen, physical inactivity and increased BMI were significantly associated predictors for the change in the mean level of lipids independent of age. Therefore, preventive measures should be implemented among menopausal women to reduce the risk of dyslipidemia and increase the quality of life.