Assessment and Prevalence of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatrics in Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) remains a major health concern among pediatric patients, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. This study assesses the prevalence, distribution patterns, and key socio-demographic factors influencing LRTI incidence in children in and around Rajahmundry, Rampachodavaram, and West Godavari. Results: 515 pediatric patients were included in this prospective cohort study from August 2024 to January 2025. Pneumonia was the most common condition (45.4%, n=234), followed by bronchiolitis (23.3%, n=120), bronchitis (18.3%, n=94), and acute bronchitis (13%, n=67). Males (53.2%) were affected slightly more than females (46.8%). The highest incidence was observed in children aged 4-6 years (44.3%). Key socio-demographic risk factors included low maternal education, inadequate breastfeeding duration, and low birth weight. Conclusions: Pneumonia is the most prevalent LRTI in this region. Socioeconomic factors, including maternal education, birth weight, and breastfeeding practices, play a crucial role in disease incidence. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions can help reduce the burden of LRTI in pediatric populations. The study findings provide valuable insights for healthcare providers and policymakers to enhance preventive strategies and pediatric healthcare services.