A Product-Service System Re-design Method based on Fuzzy Bow-Tie Analysis

For recent decades, the Product-Service System (PSS) have gained substantial attention due to its novelty in integrating products and services to deliver enhanced value and sustainability. However, the increasing complexity of PSS introduces a range of frequent operational risks, which reduces the effectiveness of PSS and stakeholders’ confidence in PSS. To improve the robustness of PSS, this study proposes a novel method for PSS redesign that integrates Fuzzy Logic with Bow-Tie Analysis to systematically assess and mitigate risks associated with PSS value proposition. Compared with the existing PSS redesign methods, the proposed method shows stronger performance in eliminating the uncertainty of PSS failure assessment and promoting stakeholders’ participation in PSS redesign. A case study of a shared smart-pen system is used to demonstrate the practical application, which shows its effectiveness in pinpointing critical areas for improvement and optimizing design to minimize risks.