Living Conditions and Public Health Challenges in Temporary Camps for Displaced Populations in Shendi Locality, Sudan

Background : Humanitarian aid aims to address the essential needs of displaced populations, especially regarding shelter, water supply, sanitation, and hygiene. This study evaluates the living conditions of displaced populations in Shendi, River Nile State, Sudan, based on the Sphere Guidelines. Methods : A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between August and October 2024. Structured face-to-face interviews, a standardized questionnaire (administered to 100 household heads), a checklist-based assessment, and non-structured interviews were employed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results : Most displaced families (52%) live in overcrowded rooms, and 48% are near cooking areas. Food security is critical, with 92% of families relying on grains, while only 6% consume meat and 2% consume dairy. Health coverage is low, with only 52% of women vaccinated against tetanus, and 4% and 2% are vaccinated for meningitis and yellow fever, respectively. While 72% of women gave birth in hospitals, 28% gave birth in camps. Water is accessible to 95% of families, but only 60% consume the recommended daily amount, and 20% face difficulties accessing it. In terms of sanitation, 44% practice open defecation, and 90% dispose of waste openly. Additionally, 96% lack sufficient soap, and 96% face health threats from flies and mosquitoes, with only 32% using mosquito nets. Conclusion: The displaced families face significant challenges, including overcrowding in shelters, poor nutrition, limited access to healthcare and clean water, and inadequate sanitation. These conditions pose serious health risks, especially for children and vulnerable populations. Immediate intervention is necessary to address food security, healthcare, sanitation, and overall living conditions.