Explores the network pharmacology and molecular docking-based prediction of the molecular target and signaling pathways of Piperine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Piper nigrum , a traditional Chinese medicine, has been commercially successful in treating PD. However, the underlying processes and therapeutic efficacy of Piper nigrum in PD remain unknown. A network pharmacology approach was used to determine the active components, possible targets, and signaling pathways in Piper nigrum for PD treatment. In order to determine the active components, possible targets, and signaling pathways in Piper nigrum for the treatment of PD, a network pharmacology approach was used in the present study. We investigated the active ingredient–target–pathway network in the present research and determined that Piperine, Quercetin, Carvacrol, Limonene, Myrcene, Piperidine, Narolidol and Eugenol greatly contributed to the management of PD by influencing the genes AKT1, GAPDH, EGFR, and ALB. Molecular docking was then used to confirm that the active molecules were effective against possible targets. At last, we conclude found four highly active constituents—namely, Piperine, Quercetin, Carvacrol, and Nerolidol help to regulate the expression of GAPDH, EGFR, AKT1, and ALB, which could potentially act as potential therapeutic targets for PD. By influencing PD-related mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), they also have potential exerting effects on the peripheral system and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway Piperine shown a potential preventative impact on PD, according to integrated network pharmacology and docking analysis. This offers a foundation for comprehending how Piperine works to prevent Parkinson disease.