A comprehensive study of the heterojunction effect of Sn on TiO₂ for UV irradiation via organic compounds and the effect of optical properties, pH, and catalyst loading on photodegradation efficiency.

Semiconductors have been used for the degradation of a variety of pollutants found in water. Treatment of industrial wastewater, including textile wastewater, using UV irradiation in combination with oxidants or catalysts (TiO₂). In this study, TiO₂-SnO₂ nanocomposites of different ratios will be prepared and characterized, and their use in the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 37 dye in aqueous solution under UV irradiation as a model pollutant will be examined. TiO₂-SnO₂ nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, TEM, EDAX, FTIR, Eg, and XPS using a batch photoreactor. The photocatalytic degradation was investigated utilizing several advanced oxidation processes with SnO₂ contents (0–15 wt %). Adding inorganic antioxidants (H₂O₂, Na₂S₂O₈, and NaIO₄) with a UV/TiO₂-SnO₂ ratio (90:10) for high efficiency. Then the effect of pH, dye concentrations, and different loadings (g/L) of nanocomposite on the photocatalytic activity of the SnO₂-TiO₂ (90:10) nanocomposite was studied.