Lightweight Identity Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for VANET Based on SSL-PUF

With the rapid development of smart cities and intelligent vehicles, the communication scale in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) is expanding significantly. Simultaneously, due to the high mobility, low latency, and stringent security requirements of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), there is an increased demand for the performance of vehicle access authentication, key negotiation protocols, and the protection of user privacy. Traditional identity authentication protocols less frequently consider the impact of authentication efficiency, and they use complex computations, which result in increased communication costs and reduced efficiency. As a result, these protocols are no longer suitable for resource-constrained VANET applications. The robust PUF characteristics of the Semiconductor Superlattice PUF(SSL-PUF) have attracted significant attention from scholars worldwide, prompting extensive research into the applications of superlattice cryptography. This paper proposes a lightweight access authentication and group key agreement scheme based on SSL-PUF for vehicle-road coordination, providing formal security proofs. Finally, performance comparisons, considering communication load and computational costs, demonstrate that the proposed scheme offers significant advantages in both security and lightweight characteristics, and holds considerable significance for the security requirements in vehicle-road coordination scenarios.