Psychosocial Impact of Cancer on Omani Children and Adolescents: A Qualitative Study of Parents’ Perspectives

Background: Cancer diagnosis and treatment poses considerable psychosocial and physical challenges for children and adolescents. This study explores the experiences of Omani parents regarding the impact of cancer on their children and adolescents. Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted between December 2022 and June 2023 with parents of children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer, recruited from two major oncology centers in Oman. Data were analyzed using the framework analysis approach. Results: Five main themes emerged: three related to the psychosocial impact of cancer on children and two concerning the availability of supportive care and coping resources. Parents reported that cancer affected their children emotionally (e.g., aggression, emotional suppression, fear, worry, jealousy/inferiority, and clinginess), physically (e.g., fluctuations in energy and appetite, persistent pain, body image concerns, and low immunity), and socially (e.g., bullying, loss of normal routines and daily activities, and self-imposed isolation). The two coping-related themes highlighted the role of healthcare professionals, including oncologists and nurses, and the support provided by extended family members, school communities, and volunteers from non-governmental organizations. Conclusions: Cancer significantly impacts the emotional, physical, and social well-being of children and adolescents. However, various supportive networks, including healthcare teams, volunteers, family, friends, and school communities, are instrumental in helping them to adapt to their illness. There is a need for specialized psychological services to address these challenges and provide comprehensive care for children and adolescents with cancer in Oman.