Potential Of Agricultural By-Products And Waste As Ruminant Animal Feed : A Systematic Literature Review

This systematic literature review aims to explore existing research on the identification and analysis of various agricultural by-products and waste. The novelty of this article lies in its systematic approach to examining the potential and utilization of agricultural waste and by-products as ruminant animal feed. The research employed the PRISMA flowchart methodology, utilizing three databases: Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed. EndNote X9 version is used to analyze, 283 articles were initially collected, of which 233 met the inclusion criteria based on title and content, covering studies published from 1976 to 2024. Findings reveal that a significant portion of agricultural by-products originates from plantations and horticulture, with poultry, particularly broiler chickens, being the dominant subject of study. The primary research focus has been on poultry, particularly broiler chickens, and ruminant livestock. The findings highlight that research on livestock feed derived from agro-industrial and agricultural waste has significantly contributed to improving livestock performance, such as weight gain and feed efficiency. This review underscores the need for further innovative research integrating agricultural waste utilization with approaches such as probiotics and fermentation. It also calls for greater emphasis on livestock health parameters as primary indicators. Such advancements are expected to support the sustainability of the livestock sector and address global challenges related to animal welfare.