Bioefficacy of Plant Extracts and Permethrin Against Tenebrio molitor, a Major Stored Grain Pest

Tenebrio molitor, a significant pest of stored grains, causes substantial economic losses worldwide. This study evaluated the bioefficacy of plant extracts (Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Datura stramonium, and Solanum nigrum) and Permethrin against T. molitor. The results showed that all plant extracts and Permethrin exhibited significant adulticidal (13.4–100% mortality), larvicidal (36–100% mortality), and repellent (58–93% repellency) effects against T. molitor. At 4% concentration, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Datura stramonium, and Solanum nigrum caused 100%, 100%, 92%, and 93% adult mortality, respectively. Permethrin was the most effective insecticide, causing 100% adult and larval mortality at all concentrations (0.50-4%). The LC50 values for Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Datura stramonium, and Solanum nigrum were 1.43%, 1.56%, 2.31%, and 1.89%, respectively. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of plant extracts as sustainable and environmentally friendly management strategies for T. molitor infestations in stored grains.