Frequency and Clinical Outcomes of Infective Endocarditis: A Single Large Cardiac Center Experience from Pakistan

Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a potentially fatal condition with high morbidity and mortality. This single center study was designed to assess the frequency, causative organisms, antibiotic resistance, and clinical outcomes of IE in patients treated at a tertiary care cardiac center in Pakistan. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted at a large tertiary care cardiology center in Peshawar, Pakistan from July 2021 to July 2023. Data was collected from hospital records, including demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 14.2. Results Among 84 patients, 41.7% of the patients were male with a mean population age of 49.17 ± 18.55 years, and an average BMI of 27.72 ± 4.37 kg/m². Furthermore, 47.6% patients were hypertensive whereas 36.9% had diabetes. Streptococcus Viridans (25%) was the most common organism isolated, followed closely by Staphylococcus aureus at 22.6%. Interestingly, 32.1% of the patients had negative cultures. Antibiotic resistance was observed in 46.4% of cases, and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) occurred in 56%. Acute kidney injury was observed in 48.8% of the patients. Discussion IE presents diverse etiologies and outcomes, necessitating targeted management strategies to improve prognosis.