Is Complement C3 a Reliable Indicator of Endometriosis Severity? Insights from a Retrospective Study

Objective This study evaluates the potential of complement C3 as a predictive biomarker for endometriosis severity and examines its correlation with clinical features and biochemical markers. Methods In this retrospective analysis, 82 women diagnosed with endometriosis were classified into severe and minimal-to-moderate groups based on revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) scores. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for complement components (C3, C4), tumor markers (CA125, CA199), and other biochemical indices. Results Patients with severe endometriosis exhibited significantly higher frequencies of dysmenorrhea, larger cyst dimensions, and elevated serum levels of complement C3, CA125, and triglycerides compared to those with less severe disease (p < 0.05). Notably, complement C3 and CA125 levels were strongly correlated with disease severity, highlighting their potential role in clinical assessment. Conclusion Complement C3 shows promise as a biomarker for assessing the severity of endometriosis. The integration of complement components into diagnostic and prognostic frameworks could facilitate earlier detection and the development of personalized therapeutic approaches for endometriosis.