Evaluation of vestibular and sleep disturbances after the Kahramanmaraş earthquake

Objective Major earthquakes are linked to a higher prevalence of dizziness and sleep disturbances. The impact of an earthquake on balance can disrupt individuals' daily activities. Dizziness and sleep disorders are frequently observed after traumatic events. This study aimed to examine the effects of significant earthquakes and recurring aftershocks on the human vestibular system and sleep patterns. Methods This study is cross-sectional and prospective. All participants were evaluated using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The patients were categorized into two groups: those who had experienced vertigo, dizziness, or balance disorders at least once prior to the earthquakes (Group 1), and those who developed these issues after the earthquake (Group 2). Results The mean VAS scores of patients in group 2 were significantly lower than those of patients in group 1 (p = 0.004). DHI scores of 167 total patients were 50.16 ± 21.21. The DHI scores of the patients were divided into three categories (mild, moderate and severe). Total ESS value of 167 patients was 6.79 ± 4.99. ESS values of the patients were divided into 5 categories (low normal, high normal, mild, moderate, severe). There were significant differences between ESS categories and VAS scores (p = 0.000). There were also significant differences between ESS categories and DHI scores (p = 0.000). Conclusion The results showed that the prevalence of balance disorder and sleep disturbance increased significantly after the major earthquakes.