Outcomes and Associated Factors of Open Surgical Treatment in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency Related to Primary Varicose Veins: Findings from Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Tanzania

Chronic venous insufficiency affects 1–40% of the adult population worldwide, affecting lower limbs. Limited research exists on open surgical treatment outcomes in Tanzania. This study aimed to assess the surgical outcomes and factors associated with outcomes of open surgical treatment for Chronic venous insufficiency related to primary varicose veins at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute in Dar es Salaam. A cross-sectional study conducted between 20/08/2023 and 07/02/2024 examined adults with Chronic venous insufficiency at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute between 01/01/2023 and 30/12/2023. Participants were enrolled using simple random sampling, and sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. The study categorized surgical treatment outcomes as good or poor. Factors influencing outcomes were identified using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models, with a p -value of < 0.05 considered significant. Ninety-seven (n = 97) patients with chronic venous insufficiency related to primary varicose veins were enrolled at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute. The majority were male (60.8%, 59/97), with a median age of 58 years (IQR: 47–64). Most participants had only primary school education (47.4%, 46/97), were self-employed (52.5%, 51/97), and married (89.7%, 87/97). The proportion of good surgical treatment outcomes was 69.1% (67/97). The median BMI was 27.7 Kg/m² (IQR: 24.2–31.9), with 34.0% (33/97) having a BMI of 25.0–29.9 Kg/m². Most participants (81.4%, 79/97) had no history of cigarette smoking. Good surgical outcomes were independently associated with the absence of active venous ulcers [aOR = 2.01: 95% CI: 1.10–4.70, p  = 0.020] and reduced or subsided post-operative edema [aOR = 1.21: 95% CI: 0.20–3.21, p < 0.001]. The study found that patients with chronic venous insufficiency at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute generally had good surgical treatment outcomes. Key factors, including absence of active venous ulcers and reduced post-operative edema suggest the need for a multidisciplinary approach and structured post-operative monitoring protocols to improve patient care and outcomes.