Geographic mapping and spatiotemporal analysis of tuberculosis in Libya within ten years’ period (2015- 2024).

Results : During the entire study period, 26478 TB cases were reported from all 22 municipalities in Libya with an annual rate of 40.29 /100,000 (95% CI: (40.229 ± 9.01). The highest incidence was reported in 2015 and the lowest one in 2024. The notification rate among males was significantly higher than that of females (P < 0.001). The highest CNR was reported in the Eastern region followed by Western and Southern regions. The geospatial distribution was evident and heterogeneous throughout the country and over time. High-rate and low-rate clusters were predominantly distributed in the periods. High clusters were concentrated northeast and northwest, though low-level clusters were mainly located in the middle and the southern region of the country. Conclusion: The results of this study provided clear insights into the geographic and spatiotemporal mapping of TB in Libya. There was an overall decreasing trend in TB CNR from 2015 to 2025 parallel with high-risk and low-risk areas. This information should allow the decision-making personnel to implement proper policies to combat TB at national and regional levels.