Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) on Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) with respiratory disorder during sleep and its impact on glucose profile, metabolism, and weight loss of patients.

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and systemic health impacts. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment for OSA, but its effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and lifestyle outcomes require further exploration. Aims : This study investigates the impact of CPAP therapy on OSA severity, glycemic control, and systemic health outcomes. The evaluation also considers the impact of weight management, impact of smoking, and comprehensive lifestyle approaches on improving treatment outcomes. Methods : A literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted, focusing on studies from 2000 onward. Metrics such as Apnoea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), glycemic parameters, body mass index (BMI), and adherence to CPAP therapy were analyzed. The influence of smoking and e-cigarette use on OSA was also examined. Results: CPAP therapy significantly improves glycemic control, lipid profiles, and cardiovascular health. Weight loss and lifestyle modifications further reduce OSA severity and enhance CPAP efficacy. Behavioral strategies improve patient adherence, while smoking and nicotine use exacerbate OSA symptoms. Emerging technologies and interdisciplinary approaches offer promising avenues for treatment optimization. Conclusion : CPAP therapy is a critical tool for managing OSA and its associated metabolic and cardiovascular impacts. Combining CPAP with lifestyle modifications and technological advancements enhances its effectiveness. Future research should focus on long-term outcomes and integrated intervention strategies to optimize patient compliance and health outcomes.