Comparative impact of oils and synthetic chemicals on survival, reproduction, and resistance of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Panonychus citri (McGregor) was reported resistant to more than 23 pesticides because of the considerable application of acaricides. Finding new and environmental-friendly is the main research objective of this study, by evaluating the impact of oils and chemicals on the survival and reproduction of P. citri in addition to the identification of resistance levels between susceptible, on-field treated plant oil (PO) and F1-generation populations. Results indicated that the survival and oviposition rates were directly proportional to each other and showed significantly differences (P = 0.005) in all aspects (within treatment and between treatments). Mineral oil had less impact on survivability with an increasing trend (higher to low doses) while all other treatments responded almost similarly after 24 hours of exposure time. The egg dipping method had no impact on the survival of next-generation parameters except slight difference between the highest and lowest doses. The PO population was susceptible to all treatments as LC ₅₀ values ranged from 0.038 to 1.132 mL ^− 1 with 1.23 to 4.72-fold difference except in plant oil case. The resistance levels of F1-generation and PO population remained very high in evaluation to susceptible strain and 1.45 to 1.99 times fold difference among them. According to our results, plant oil can be used as a potential alternative product for P. citri control, The egg dipping method has less or no impact and the F1 generation population develops quick resistance ability. These results will be helpful for pest and resistance management strategies in the future.