Sustainable synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles with antibacterial activity using siderophores produced by Pseudomonas sp. ABC1

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have significant applications in bioscience and biomedicine. Numerous physical and chemical methods exist for synthesizing CuO NPs; however, the biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles using bacterial metabolites offers a sustainable approach to obtaining metal nanoparticles with specific shapes and sizes. In this study, we produced CuO NPs through a sustainable production system based on the secondary metabolites of Pseudomonas sp. ABC1. We characterized the generated nanoparticles using various techniques and evaluated their application as antibacterial agents. The crystalline structures of the NPs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, which showed diffraction planes corresponding to the CuO pattern. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the chemical composition of CuO NPs. Scanning electron microscopy images displayed spherical particles arranged independently, with an average size of 19 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited an inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in bacterial growth inhibition after 24 hours of incubation. Our results underscore the potential of bacterial siderophores for the sustainable synthesis of CuO NPs with antibacterial activity.