Dengue in Brazil: An Ecological Study of Burden, Hospitalizations, and Mortality Trends (2019–2024)

Dengue is the most widespread arboviral disease globally, affecting over 100 countries, with Brazil accounting for 83% of cases in the Americas. This high prevalence places a substantial burden on the healthcare system. This is an observational, cross-sectional ecological study involving all Brazilian federative units. Data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) covering the period from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2024. Brazil recorded 12.564.395 dengue cases from January 2019 to June 2024, according to SINAN and DATASUS data. Hospitalizations occurred in 2,52% of cases, totaling 316.519 admissions. Notably, the first half of 2024 saw a dramatic rise, with 6.393.080 cases and 129.127 hospitalizations − 70% of all hospitalizations in the previous five years. Deaths also peaked, with 1.593 dengue-related fatalities reported in six months, the highest in five years. These findings underscore the urgent need for robust public health strategies. The unprecedented surge in 2024 underscores critical shortcomings in mosquito control, disease surveillance, and health system preparedness. Effective dengue management requires integrated approaches, including sustained mosquito control efforts, enhanced surveillance, and improved hospital readiness. Strengthening public policies and rapid health system responses are vital to reducing the disease’s impact and saving lives.