Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Water Using Oil Spill Dispersant and Lemna minor in Laboratory Scale of Constructed Wetland

Petroleum pollution due to industrial activities is a significant environmental problem, especially when polluting water resources. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using oil spill dispersant (OSD), constructed wetlands, and phytoremediation using Lemna minor in improving the quality of petroleum-polluted water. The experiment was conducted using a group randomized design with a combination treatment of petroleum-based commercial OSD (Non-Bio-OSD) and environmentally friendly palm oil-based OSD (Bio-OSD) in a laboratory-scale constructed wetland system. The results showed that Bio-OSD significantly reduced COD and BOD₅ levels to meet water quality standards. The highest COD reduction efficiency of 39.78% was achieved when Bio-OSD DOR 0.1:1 treatment was implemented. Under this treatment, BOD reduction efficiency was 27.60%. GC-MS analysis showed the degradation of long-chain hydrocarbons such as n-hexadecane and nonadecane. The highest COD Reduction efficiency by Non-Bio-OSD was 27.17% with DOR 0.25:1. This result showed that Bio-OSD performed better in reducing COD than Non-Bio-OSD. The weight of Lemna minor biomass decreased slightly during the process, indicating that OSD is toxic to the plant. Regardless of the successful construction of wetlands in reducing COD and BOD ₅ , it is recommended that the growth condition of the aquatic plant be improved for a sustainable phytoremediation process.