The Role of Triple CFTR Modulator Therapy in Reducing Systemic Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis

Purpose: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to multisystemic complications, particularly in the lungs. CFTR dysfunction results in altered ion transport, chronic inflammation, and progressive lung damage. The triple therapy elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has demonstrated significant improvements in pulmonary function and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ETI by analysing systemic cytokine profiles over 12 months. Methods: A prospective study included 32 CF patients ≥18 years with at least one F508del mutation, undergoing ETI therapy. Clinical stability was ensured prior to therapy initiation. Demographic data, BMI (Body Mass Index), FEV1% (Forced expiratory Volume in the first second), VR/TLC (residual volume/total lung capacity) and sweat chloride concentrations were recorded at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Inflammatory markers, including fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and a panel of 8 cytokines, were measured using multiplex bead-based immunoassays and electrochemiluminescence. Longitudinal changes were analysed using mixed-effects models and statistical tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: During a 12-month follow-up, the neutrophils number and proinflammatory biomarkers analyzed, fibrinogen, CRP, TNF- α, IFN-gamma, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, significantly decreased, while eosinophils remained stable. Mixed-effects models confirmed the significant association of inflammatory biomarkers with FEV1, BMI, sweat chloride levels, and VR/TLC highlighting the role of inflammation in the progression of CF. Conclusions: ETI demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory effects in CF patients, reducing systemic inflammation and improving clinical parameters.