Therapeutic Potential of Super Activated Platelet Lysate (sPL) and Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UCMSCs) in Enhancing Endometrial Regeneration in Rats with Thin Endometrium

Background This study aimed to establish a rat model of thin endometrium and investigate the effects of super-activated platelet lysate (sPL) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) on the thin endometrium in rats. Methods Thin endometrium models were induced by infusing absolute ethyl alcohol into the uteri of female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were randomly assigned to several groups (Normal, Model, Extracellular matrix (ECM) + sPL, ECM + cell, Gel + sPL, Gel + cell) and treated for 21 or 42 days. Histopathological structures and endometrial thickness were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. ELISA was used to detect PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, E2 and FSH expression levels in serum. Furthermore, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the expression levels of cyclin D1, CD34, pan-keratin, cytokeratin 18, and vimentin in uterine tissue. Results HE staining revealed improvements in endometrial thickness, gland number, and blood vessels following treatment with sPL and UCMSCs in the thin endometrium rat model. Compared to the model group, ELISA results demonstrated that the PDGF-BB, E2, TGF-β1 and FSH serum in treatment groups returned to normal levels. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot results indicated decreased keratin, cytokeratin, and vimentin expression levels in the model group, which were significantly increased by sPL perfusion or UCMSCs transplantation. Conclusion Intrauterine perfusion of sPL improves endometrium thickness, morphology, function, and repair capacity in rats with thin endometrium. The therapeutic efficacy of uterine infusion of sPL surpasses that of UCMSCs transplantation.