Antibacterial-resistant Genes (Abrg) Associated With Bloodstream Infections in Patients Receiving Treatment at Nigeria Airforce Medical Center Onikan, Lagos State

Introduction: The antibacterial-resistant genes (ABRG) associated with bloodstream infections in patients (BSI-PAP) receiving treatment at the Nigerian Air Force Medical Centre, Onikan, Lagos State, were studied from October 2023 to June 2024. BSI-PAP was defined as bloodstream infections diagnosed within 48 hours of hospitalization. Methods: Blood samples were analyzed for bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance, adhering to standard microbiological protocols. Results: The prevalence of BSI-PAP was found to be 30 out of 315 discharges (9.5%). The likelihood of being admitted with BSI-PAP was highest among patients with diabetes mellitus, previous hospitalization, renal failure, and chronic dermatitis. The odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were as follows: Diabetes mellitus: OR = 4.96 (95% CI = 1.37–7.32) , previous hospitalization: OR = 2.59 (95% CI = 0.29–4.9) , renal failure: OR = 2.39 (95% CI = −0.17–4.89) , chronic dermatitis: OR = 1.32 (95% CI = 0.37–4.29) . Among the patients admitted with BSI-PAP (n = 30), the following bacterial species were identified: S . scuri ssp. lentus : 6 cases (35.3%), S. gallinarum : 3 cases (17.6%), S. eqourum : 3 cases (17.6%), E. cloacae ssp.: 5 cases (11.8%), B. capacia complex: 7 cases (5.9%), S. xylulosus: 1 case (5.9%), C. freundi : 5 cases (5.9%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for a greater proportion of BSI cases (56.7%) compared to gram-positive bacteria (43.3%). Approximately 76% of BSI-PAP cases with these organisms exhibited antibiotic resistance. Resistance to erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin was most prevalent in patients aged 30 years. A high prevalence of resistant genes was observed, including TEM, CTX-M, SHV, and VEB types. Clinical bacterial isolates (e.g., S . scuri ssp. lentus, S. gallinarum, S. eqourum, and S. xylulosus ) demonstrated high antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics, particularly gentamicin, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline.