Repellent Efficacy of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum Extracts against Tenebrio molitor Larvae

The yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor , is a significant pest of stored grains, causing substantial economic losses. The widespread use of chemical insecticides has raised concerns about environmental pollution, human health risks, and insect resistance. This study investigates the repellent potential of ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) against T. molitor larvae. The results indicate that Neem extract exhibits higher repellency (84.28%, 85.89%, and 88.87% at 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations, respectively) compared to Tulsi extract (66.02%, 69.97%, and 75.21% at 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations, respectively). Notably, the combined extract of Neem and Tulsi demonstrates enhanced repellency (85.56%, 88.56%, and 90.63% at 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations, respectively). This study highlights the potential of Neem and Tulsi extracts as eco-friendly grain protectants against T. molitor larvae.