Epidemiological Landscape of injuries Associated with Motor Traffic Accidents in Southern Tanzania

Background Motor Traffic Accidents (MTAs) are a global public health concern, disproportionately impacting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Tanzania. Injuries from road traffic accidents (RTAs), impose significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burdens. However, data on the epidemiological landscape of MTA-related injuries in Southern Tanzania remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of injuries caused by MTAs in Southern Tanzania. Methods A retrospective, health-facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in five referral hospitals across the Mtwara and Lindi regions. Data from 154 patients who sustained MTA-related injuries between January and December 2023 were analyzed. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling, and socio-demographic and clinical data were abstracted from medical records. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Results The majority of participants were male (76%), with a median age of 31.5 years (IQR: 22–49). Self-employment (63%) and primary education (55.8%) were the most common occupational and educational statuses, respectively. Head injuries (28.6%) and musculoskeletal injuries (26%) were the most prevalent, with tibia fractures and chest injuries reported in 14.3% and 7.1% of patients, respectively. Gender differences were notable, with males experiencing higher rates of visceral injuries (6.8%) and chest injuries (7.7%), while females had higher rates of musculoskeletal injuries (35.1%). Conclusions MTA-related injuries, particularly head injuries and musculoskeletal trauma, are prevalent in Southern Tanzania, with significant socio-demographic disparities. These findings emphasize the need for targeted public health strategies to improve road safety, enhance access to surgical care, and reduce the burden of MTAs in this region.