Knowledge and Using of Dry needling by Physiotherapists in Central Africa in the management of Trigger points: the first cross sectional survey in Cameroon

Background Dry Needling (DN) emerged in the 1970s as a therapeutic breakthrough, proving effective in the treatment of Trigger Points (TP). Despite its worldwide application, there is little data on the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of physiotherapists in Central Africa, particularly in Cameroon. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Cameroonian physiotherapists in relation to pressure point management. Understanding their current levels of CAP is essential for identifying educational needs and developing strategies to improve DN practice in the region. Methods A quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional survey was carried out online in the 10 regions of Cameroon over a six-month period. All practicing physiotherapists with at least one year's work experience and who had given their consent were included. They were asked KAP questions relating to DN and TP. Pearson correlations were performed between KAP domains together and with sociodemographic data, Using Epi Info software version 7.2.5.0. Results 123 physiotherapists participated. The majority were male (56.1%), with an average age of 29 ± 5 years and a mean year of experience of 5 ± 2 years. The majority of physiotherapists obtained scores < 50% of the total score allocated to the domain for knowledge of TP and DN and practice of DN, thus indicating insufficient knowledge and weak practices. However, they had positive attitudes, i.e., a score > 50%. Conclusions This study highlights a significant need for educational initiatives in the field of Trigger Point and Dry Needling among physiotherapists in Cameroon. The results reveal a lack of knowledge and practice, despite a positive attitude towards the technique. Addressing this need for training is essential to improving the quality of patient care and the effectiveness of trigger zone management. The data collected provides a solid basis for the development of targeted training programmes and resources to equip physiotherapists with the necessary skills and knowledge. Such efforts will ultimately contribute to the advancement of physiotherapy practice in Cameroon and Africa as a whole.