Collision Avoidance for Autonomous Ships Using Laser Rangefinder Technology

This research aims to evaluate the performance of the Collision Avoidance System (CAS) Using a laser rangefinder sensor for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) ^[1] , The system is designed to prevent collisions by providing early warnings and instructions based on the proximity of other objects. The study focuses on testing the CAS’s ability to detect obstacles and trigger Traffic Advisory (TA) and Resolution Advisory (RA) responses ^[2] , ^[3] . Derived from the Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) used in aircraft, the maritime CAS system issues warnings and avoidance instructions when potential collisions are detected. It uses a laser rangefinder sensor to measure the distance to obstacles, triggering the TA or RA modes accordingly ^[4] . The system was tested through experiments assessing the sensor's detection range, obstacle sensitivity, battery life, and performance under varying light conditions. During the tests, the CAS responded appropriately by activating the TA with a buzzer and LED when obstacles were detected within 4000 mm, and engaged the RA by slowing the motor and adjusting the rudder when obstacles were within 2000 mm ^[5] . The system exhibited high sensitivity and reliable performance in different environments. This research contributes to the development of autonomous maritime technologies and highlights the potential of laser rangefinder sensors to enhance vessel safety and prevent accidents in busy marine settings