Chondroepitrochlearis muscle: “a rare anatomical variation observed once every one hundred years”－ an imaging-based assessment

The chondroepitrochlearis muscle is a rare anatomical variation originating in the thoracic region, with varying levels of clinical importance. The present study reports a case supported by imaging studies based on the description made by Tavares [1], who provided the full anatomy of the thoracic muscles and their main anatomical variations. While it was not the first description to be published, it stands out for being particularly instructive and innovative since we included current medical imaging illustrations ― which weren’t usual at the previous descriptions. The present report aims to make a contribution, given that this anatomical variation is quite rare and could pose diagnostic challenges and eventually lead to unnecessary treatments. Unlike most previous publications, this case presents medical imaging examinations of a living patient, rather than anatomical specimens or surgical findings