Assessing Oral Health Challenges and Solutions in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Public Health Perspective

Oral health is crucial to overall well-being, yet it is often overlooked in low-income regions like Mogadishu, Somalia. This study assesses the oral health of Mogadishu residents, focusing on the prevalence of oral diseases, hygiene practices, barriers to care, and socio-cultural factors influencing oral health behaviors. Data were collected from 1,505 participants using structured questionnaires at the SWED University Dental Clinic. Findings reveal a high prevalence of oral diseases: 60% of children had dental caries, 70% of participants showed signs of periodontal disease, and 40% of children suffered from fluorosis due to high fluoride levels in local water. Cultural practices such as using Muswaki (chewing sticks) and harmful habits like khat chewing and tobacco use were significant contributors to poor oral health. Economic barriers and limited access to professional dental care forced many to rely on traditional remedies. Preventive care was nearly absent, with most individuals seeking dental treatment only when symptoms became severe. The study also highlighted the shortage of dental professionals in Mogadishu. Recommendations include improving dental care infrastructure, subsidizing dental products, promoting public health education, and addressing issues like high fluoride levels in water to reduce oral health disparities and enhance well-being.