Unveiling the Burden of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Risk Factors among indigenous Women in Mizoram, Northeast India

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a major cause of cervical cancer, poses a significant public health challenge globally, with its burden amplified in regionsamidst limited access to screening and preventive measures . Method: This cross-sectional study investigates the prevalence of HPV infection and its associated risk factors among 1018 women from November 2023 to 2024 in Mizoram, India. The study integrates demographic, lifestyle, and clinical data, including DNA-based HPV genotyping and Pap smear analysis, to provide a comprehensive picture of HPV prevalence. Results: This study screened 1,018 women aged between 20 and 73 years for HPV, with a mean age of 41 years. Findings reveal a 14.9% overall prevalence of HPV infection where most participants were from Mizoram's Aizawl District (78.78%). Betel nut consumption and early sexual debut were key lifestyle factors associated with higher infection risks. Chronic pelvic pain and multiple pregnancies were significant clinical indicators. HPV-16 (26.97%) and HPV-18 (17.11%) were the most prevalent genotypes. About 23.4% exhibited multiple genotype infections. Pap smear results revealed associations with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (p=0.025). Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of tailored public health strategies for high-risk regions like Mizoram. These include promoting HPV vaccination, enhancing screening programs, and addressing socio-cultural practices contributing to infection risks. Comprehensive interventions and awareness campaigns are crucial to mitigate the HPV burden and reducing cervical cancer incidence in this unique socio-demographic context.