Associations between oxidative balance score and chronic kidney disease events in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross‑sectional study

The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) serves as a comprehensive metric that amalgamates 17 dietary and lifestyle elements to evaluate antioxidant status. Thi research aims to investigate the association between the OBS and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2018. CKD was determined using the albumin-to-creatinine ratio(ACR)and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Patients were grouped into low, moderate, and high-risk categories based on their risk levels. The OBS variable was transformed from a continuous format into quartiles for subsequent analysis. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were employed to examine the relationship. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests assessed the findings' robustness. The results indicated a negative correlation between OBS and CKD risk. Individuals in higher OBS quartiles exhibited a decreased prevalence of CKD (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57–0.85, P = 0.0003). A notable correlation was identified between OBS and CKD prevalence among the low-risk and moderate-risk groups. The subgroup analysis results were stable, and no significant interactions were detected among the subgroups. Increased OBS levels were correlated with a decreased risk of CKD. Improving antioxidant capacity through dietary and lifestyle modifications to enhance OBS may serve as an effective strategy for CKD prevention.