Association of alkaline phosphatase and calcium levels in serum with hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia: a cross-sectional study among adults living in cold region of China

Objective Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium (Ca) levels are common indexes in serum biochemical tests, but their relationship with HUA and hyperglycemia is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of ALP and Ca levels with HUA and hyperglycemia in cold region of China. Methods Baseline data were collected via questionnaires, and blood samples were analyzed biochemically. Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression examined associations between ALP, Ca, serum uric acid (SUA), and fasting blood glucose (FPG). A binary logistic regression model with ALP and Ca predicted HUA and hyperglycemia risk. Results A total of 340 subjects were included in this study. Based on the diagnostic criteria for HUA and hyperglycemia, patients were classified into a HUA group ( n  = 100) and a non-HUA group ( n  = 240), as well as a hyperglycemia group ( n  = 59) and a non-hyperglycemia group ( n  = 281).The serum levels of ALP and Ca in the HUA group were significantly higher than those in the control group; similarly, the ALP levels in the hyperglycemia group were also significantly higher than those in the control group. Binary logistic regression showed a higher risk of HUA and hyperglycemia in Q4 compared to Q1 after stratifying by ALP and Ca ( OR s > 1, 95% CI s > 1, P  < 0.05). The combined ALP and Ca had superior diagnostic performance for HUA, while ALP alone outperformed other indicators for hyperglycemia diagnosis ( P  < 0.001). Conclusions In populations residing in cold regions of China, an increase in ALP and Ca levels may elevate the risk of HUA and hyperglycemia onset.