Analysis of the Safety of Bronchoscopy in Patients Aged 80 Years and Older: A Retrospective Study

Background The safety of bronchoscopy in elderly patients, particularly those aged 80 years and older, remains a concern due to age-related comorbidities. This study evaluates clinical characteristics, preoperative cardiovascular and pulmonary indicators, and bronchoscopy-related complications across different age groups. Methods A retrospective study of 349 patients undergoing bronchoscopy was conducted. Patients were categorized into three groups: Young (< 65 years, n = 120), Elderly (65–79 years, n = 120), and Oldest Elderly (≥ 80 years, n = 109). Demographics, cardiovascular and pulmonary indicators, and procedural complications were analyzed. Results The oldest elderly group exhibited significantly higher rates of preoperative cardiovascular conditions, including arrhythmia (76.15%), hypertension (36.70%), and elevated D-dimer levels (54.13%) (all p < 0.01). Pulmonary function was more impaired, with increased rates of emphysema (27.52%) and respiratory failure (25.69%) (all p < 0.01). However, intraoperative complications such as mild bleeding (93.58%) and hypoxia (6.42%) were not significantly different across groups. Post-procedural recovery was favorable in 96.33% of patients. Conclusions Bronchoscopy is generally safe in patients aged ≥ 80 years when appropriate precautions are taken. Careful preoperative assessment is critical in minimizing procedural risks. Trial registration Clinical trial number not applicable.