The Multifaceted Interplay Between COVID-19-Induced Psychological Stress, Cognitive Flexibility, Emotional Overeating, and Physical Activity Patterns in Adult Women: A Mediated Path Analysis

Purpose This study investigated the impact of COVID-19-related stress on food consumption and emotional overeating in adult women, with cognitive flexibility and physical activity as mediating factors. Methods A descriptive-analytical, correlational, and applied research design was employed. The study population included adult women aged 20–50 in an urban area. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 300 was determined. Data were collected using validated tools: COVID Stress Scale (CSS-18(2021), AEBQ(2016),SREBQ), Cognitive Flexibility Scale, and Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA). Chi-square tests and Spearman's correlation were applied at a significant level of p = 0.05. Results COVID-19-related stress significantly reduced cognitive flexibility (p < 0.001) and negatively impacted physical activity (p = 0.005). No significant associations were found with emotional overeating (p > 0.05). Conclusion Increased stress negatively affected cognitive flexibility and physical activity in adult women, highlighting the need for interventions to enhance resilience and promote healthier behaviors.