Hydraulic Performance Optimization of Airfoil Weir-Orifice Facilities Based on Improved Hicks-Henne Shape Function and MOPSO Algorithm

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Abstract

In order to better measure and control the flow rate in open channel systems, this study proposes a hydraulic performance optimization system for airfoil weir facilities. The optimization system is built around three essential modules: the modified Hicks-Henne shape function, CFD numerical simulation, and the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm, which are central to airfoil shape reconstruction. In a specific example with a flow rate of 0.033 m³/s and a rotation angle of 15°, optimization concepts for head loss and submergence were applied. The results show that the optimized design reduced head loss by 9.14% and increased submergence by 5.99%. Moreover, the optimized design demonstrated excellent hydraulic performance under different angles and flow conditions. To further validate the optimization effect, the flow rate formula was derived using the π-theorem in dimensional analysis and the theory of incomplete similarity. The results indicate that the optimized airfoil weir facility’s flow rate formula is more accurate with significantly reduced errors. This study provides strong theoretical and practical support for the design and optimization of similar hydraulic structures.

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