Investigating the risk of prediabetes among children in NZ: a cross-sectional study

Background Prediabetes is a non-communicable disease (NCD) that are common in New Zealand (NZ) and it can lead to poor health. The aim of this study was to identify whether there is an increased risk of developing prediabetes among 11–13-year-olds, outside an organised screening programme. Methods Consenting school aged children and their parents completed a series of screening questionnaires including dietary patterns, anthropometrics and socio-economic characteristics. Adapted Australasian Paediatric Endocrinology Guidelines (APEG) criterion was used to identify children at risk of developing prediabetes or have new onset prediabetes. Results Of the 276 participants, significant differences between Pacific, Māori and non- Māori non-Pacific children were evident among those who: were obese (BMI > 95th percentile); lived in overcrowded homes and in deprived areas. A high proportion (35%) of children were at risk of developing prediabetes, and two dietary patterns of children consuming: (1) diverse range of food items but were especially high in snacks (sweet and savoury), takeaway food diversity, and drinks; and (2) a vegetarian and legume diet. Conclusion The study prevalence of prediabetes risk is indicative of childhood lifestyles, and we recommend early screening and better resourcing for promotion of healthy nutrition as preventative measures.