Insights Into Foreign Body Aspiration In Pediatrics: Complications And Predictors At Felege Hiwot And Debre Markos Compressive Specialized Hospitals North West Ethiopia 2024

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a major source of morbidity in pediatric patients and can result in serious complications if not addressed quickly. Prompt intervention is essential to avoid life-threatening consequences. This study sought to assess the prevalence and contributing factors of complications in pediatric patients with aerodigestive foreign bodies at FHCSH and DMCSH, North West Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using patient records of children aged 0-14 years diagnosed with aerodigestive foreign bodies. Logistic regression was used to identify determinants associated with airway and esophageal complications. Descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square and t-tests) were applied , with p < 0.05 considered significant. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Result: 411 pediatric patients were included in this study, with a response rate of 98.3%. The overall proportion of patients who developed complication was 46.7%. Patients who did not maintain oxygen saturation through atmospheric air (AOR=2.138, 95% CI: 1.334, 3.425), those requiring more than 48 hour for bronchoscopy procedure (AOR=2.786, 95% CI: 1.399, 3.786), needs mechanical ventilation (AOR= 2.618, 95% CI: 1.379, 4.968), Presenting beyond 24 hour after infection (AOR=2.547, CI: 1.457, 4.451), having preoperativeinfection (AOR=5.381, 95% CI: 3.103, 9.332). In addition, with sharp object, teeth and bones asforeign bodies (AOR= 4.944, 95% CI: 1.840, 13.282), were significantly associated with the level of postoperative sore throat. Conclusion: This study indicates a significant complication rate among pediatric patients, identifying factors such as preoperative infections, oxygen saturation issues, mechanical ventilation, and ingestion of high-risk foreign bodies, prolonged bronchoscopy procedures, and delays in seeking medical care. Recommendation: Enhancing monitoring, ensuring prompt medical intervention and conducting detailed preoperative assessments are crucial for minimizing complications and improving outcomes in pediatric procedures.