A protocol for a systematic review of health consequences of conflict-related sexual violence (2015-2024)

Background Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a public health issue affecting thousands of survivors and with long-term consequences, however, it is underreported and difficult to investigate. This systematic review, covering 2015 to 2024, will explore sexual violence in conflict zones, extract and summarize the various reported health outcomes and address knowledge gaps. Methods Quantitative, qualitative and mixed method studies will be included to explore the physical, mental, and social consequences of sexual violence. The WHO definition of sexual violence will guide the review to ensure consistency and alignment with global standards. Search terms will be selected with the assistance of a health information specialist and based on previous research. Only peer-reviewed articles will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts.. Selected articles will be assessed for quality using the MMAT tool. Covidence will be used to assist in the study selection and data extraction. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the reported health consequences of CRSV Key research questions include: how sexual violence is defined in the literature; its physical, mental, and social health consequences; how perpetrators and the type of sexual violence are portrayed; and the contextual factors that facilitate or hinder such violence in conflict settings. Discussion In light of ongoing global conflicts, this review will address the urgent need to understand the health consequences of CRSV. Building on previous work, including Ba and Bhopal (2014) (1) and to supplement Rubini et al. (2023) (2), this study integrates quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method research within a Biopsychosocial Model (3) framework to provide a holistic perspective on CRSV. Recognizing challenges such as underreporting by the survivors—shaped by stigma, safety concerns, and survivor agency (4)—this review also considers how perpetrators and experiences are portrayed. Systematic review registration: The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024503037).