Assessing Biodegradation and Flame retardation in Bio- Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites for Advanced Material Applications

Background: The demand for sustainable materials has driven interest in biodegradable polymer composites reinforced with natural fibers as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic materials. These composites combine biodegradability with enhanced mechanical performance, using fibers like jute and hemp to strengthen polymer matrices while reducing environmental impact. Challenges such as water absorption and limited durability are mitigated through surface treatments and compatibilizers. Biopolymers like polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) naturally degrade under various conditions, making them suitable for biomedical and industrial applications. This study explores the potential of bio-fiber composites to balance environmental sustainability with high-performance requirements. My study aims to determine their suitability for sustainable engineering and industrial applications, in keeping with the global demand for ecologically responsible material advances. Results: This experimental laboratory-based study with analytical and comparative elements, conducted at Alexandria University's Department of Materials Science. Results show enhanced tensile strength (up to 201 kg/cm²) and flame retardancy (Limiting Oxygen Index of 31) with increased bio-fiber content, achieving improved thermal stability and reduced toxic gas emissions. Thermal analyses highlight significant char formation that protects the composite at high temperatures, while water absorption tests confirm improved hydrophobicity due to fiber treatment. Biodegradability tests reveal progressive weight loss over 14 days, validating eco-friendliness. The findings demonstrate the composite's suitability for biomedical and industrial applications, balancing environmental sustainability with performance demands. Conclusions: The study assesses biodegradation and water resistance of bio-fiber reinforced polymer composites, revealing their potential for advanced applications, including fire and antibacterial testing, enhancing tensile strength and thermal stability.