Proving the Efficacy of Autologous Fat Grafting in the Treatment of Rectocele: A Retrospective Study

Background Rectocele, a prevalent condition linked with pelvic organ prolapse, affects many women postpartum, leading to symptoms like constipation, straining during bowel movements, and vaginal pressure, significantly impairing quality of life. Traditional surgical procedures for rectocele repair often lead to complications and symptom recurrence. Recently, autologous fat grafting (AFG) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative. This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy and safety of AFG, using a stem cell-enriched approach for rectocele treatment. Material and Methods Conducted at Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, this study included female patients who underwent AFG for rectocele from January 2023 to January 2024. Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with rectocele, aged 18 or older, with a follow-up period of at least 6 months post-procedure. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, pre- and post-procedural symptoms, procedural details, and follow-up outcomes. Statistical analysis compared pre- and post-procedural variables using appropriate tests. Results The study included 65 patients, with a mean (± SD) age of 51,2 (± 12,41) years. Pre-procedural symptoms included rectal pain, constipation, and dyspareunia. Post-procedural outcomes demonstrated significant improvements in these symptoms, with a mean (± SD) follow-up period of 12,13 (± 4,29) months. The majority of patients reported symptom relief, particularly from rectal pain and constipation. Complications were minimal, with 25% of patients experiencing mild skin ecchymosis that resolved with treatment. Obstructive defecation, Quality of life, and constipation assessments showed significant improvements, with patients reporting higher satisfaction and improved functional outcomes. Conclusion AFG shows promise as an effective minimally invasive treatment for rectocele. It offers significant symptom relief and improved quality of life with minimal complications. The results suggest that AFG could be a valuable alternative to traditional surgical methods.