A Systematic Review of Tai Chi-based Interventions for Positive and Negative Symptoms, Cognitive Functioning, and Quality of Life in Psychosis

Objective: This study aimed to provide a systematic review of Tai Chi/Qigong interventions in psychosis and their impact on positive, negative symptoms, cognitive deficits and quality of life. Introduction: There is growing evidence that the mind–body practice of Tai Chi has value in treating and preventing many mental health-related problems, such as stress and anxiety. However, it is unclear whether they are effective/beneficial in serious mental illness conditions such as psychosis. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review protocol was registered (PROSPERO). Data were extracted by two independent researchers and analysed using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: Six studies in total were included in this review. Publications spanned from 2012-2022. All were based in Asia. The modality used included 4 Tai Chi, 2 Baduanjin and 1 Yijinjin interventions. The principal findings indicated that Tai Chi interventions showed some promise in improving negative symptoms, and cognitive deficits in individuals with long-term psychotic illnesses in Asian populations. Conclusions: The current review suggests that Tai Chi is an acceptable, well-tolerated intervention in people with psychosis. There is tentative evidence that it may have a positive impact for negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Well-controlled studies should be encouraged in Western settings, emphasising the importance of therapist factors, and examining a broad range of health and mental health outcomes.