Toward an Effective Back Pain Prevention Program: A Qualitative Exploration of Employees' and Healthcare Professionals' Experiences and Perspectives

Background This study explored the experiences and perspectives of employees and healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding a Belgian multidisciplinary-based rehabilitation (MBR) program for the secondary prevention of low back pain (LBP). The program, which is partially reimbursed by the Federal Agency for Occupational Risks, aims to prevent chronic LBP and facilitate return to work (RTW) for employees in ergonomically demanding jobs. Methods A qualitative design involving six multicenter, semistructured focus groups was employed. The participants included 15 employees who attended the program and 24 HCPs involved in its delivery. The data were analyzed via thematic analysis. Results Three major themes were identified: functional and work-related outcomes , content-related factors , and the program's duration and continuation . Positive outcomes included improvements in pain, function, and RTW, with workplace adaptations and ergonomic guidance playing key roles. Success factors such as education, exercise therapy, motivation, and social interaction were highlighted. However, challenges were identified, including difficulty maintaining long-term benefits, limited communication between centers and employers, insufficient psychological support, and a lack of follow-up to sustain the program’s effects. Conclusions As part of a broader initiative evaluating this program, this study highlights its strengths and identifies areas for improvement, offering a foundation for future research and enhanced rehabilitation strategies.