Integrated hybrid life cycle assessment of the Ukrainian water market

This study applies an integrated hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework to evaluate the environmental impacts of Ukraine’s potable water supply and wastewater treatment systems. By combining process-based LCA with economic input-output analysis, the study captures upstream and downstream interactions, providing a comprehensive assessment of industrial and resource management processes. Key findings reveal significant contributions of steel slag disposal (80%) to human toxicity and hydropower generation (53%) to water consumption impacts, highlighting inefficiencies in waste management and water resource utilization. Regional disparities are evident, with hydropower reliance in western Ukraine amplifying water consumption burdens and infrastructure inefficiencies in central regions increasing emissions and resource use. Policy recommendations include promoting circular economy practices, modernizing infrastructure, and implementing region-specific interventions. The study underscores the potential of hybrid LCA methodologies for identifying environmental hotspots and guiding sustainable water management strategies in transitioning economies, addressing data gaps, and supporting evidence-based policy development.